International Journal of Medical Discoveries

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the role of pharmaceutical and non-pharmacological pain management techniques in patients with deep vein thrombosis and lower limb amputation.
Methodology: The study used a cross sectional approach which included 270 individuals undertaking the survey with 170 male participants, 89 female participants and 11 participants who prefer not to say. More specifically, the study was aimed at exploring the efficacy of graduated compression stockings, Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filters, opioids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS 0-10) was used to measure patient-reported outcomes, with 0 being normal and 10 being severe.
Results: The effectiveness of each of the techniques was analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Pharmaceutical pain management techniques included morphine and celecoxib for the lowest pain levels, hydrocodone and warfarin for the highest. Non-pharmaceutical approaches included graduated compression stockings for the most effective pain management. The study found a significant difference between pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical treatments for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) with a value of 4.2000 compared to the pharmaceutical treatment 3.5704, with a mean difference of -0.62963. The t-test yielded a t-value of -2.876 and a p-value of 0.012, indicating that non-pharmaceutical treatments are more effective than pharmaceutical treatments.
Conclusion: The study concludes that non-pharmaceutical pain management techniques such as graduated compression stockings are more effective in reducing pain in patients with deep vein thrombosis and lower limb amputations than pharmaceutical options.